ARHL is a well-recognized condition in older age with a high prevalence in the general population, being about 20% over 65 years old but increasing to 65% over 85 years ( Lin et al., 2011). It primarily consists of a high-frequency (4 to 8 kHz) increase of the hearing threshold ( Gates and Mills, 2005). Future longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and the use of adequate assessment tools that can disentangle cognitive dysfunction from sensory impairments are warranted.Īge-related hearing loss (ARHL), known as presbycusis as well, is a progressive disorder that affects hearing functions. Finally, we highlight the importance of tailoring the rehabilitation strategy to this relationship. This review aims to summarize the evidence of associations between age-related CAPD and cognitive disorders and to define the diagnostic procedure of CAPD in the elderly. The assumption that ARHL, particularly age-related CAPD, may increase the risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly remains unchallenged. Since these two disorders can be concomitant, drawing causal inferences is difficult. Therefore, age-related CAPD could be a specific process related to neurodegeneration. Even if very few studies have analyzed the relationship between cognitive decline and age-related CAPD, a strong association was highlighted. Peripheral ARHL has recently been defined as the modifiable risk factor with the greatest impact on the development of dementia. In the last two decades, the association between cognitive impairment and ARHL has received great attention. The relationship between auditory-perception and speech communication difficulties in age-related CAPD is difficult to establish, mainly because many older subjects have concomitant peripheral ARHL and age-related cognitive changes. Among ARHL components, the age-related central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) refers to changes in the auditory network, negatively impacting auditory perception and/or the speech communication performance. 8Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, ItalyĪge-related hearing loss (ARHL), also called presbycusis, is a progressive disorder affecting hearing functions and among the elderly has been recognized as the third most frequent condition.7Translational Medicine and Management of Health Systems, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.6Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Science, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.5Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro, “Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. 4Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.3Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,” Foggia, Italy.2Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., Institute of Cassano Murge, Bari, Italy.1Unit of Epidemiological Research on Aging “Great Age Study,” National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, IRCCS “S.Rodolfo Sardone 1† Petronilla Battista 2† Francesco Panza 1,3* Madia Lozupone 3,4 Chiara Griseta 1 Fabio Castellana 1 Rosa Capozzo 5 Maria Ruccia 2 Emanuela Resta 6,7 Davide Seripa 3 Giancarlo Logroscino 4,5* Nicola Quaranta 8
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